A water-soluble vitamin, also known as Vitamin C. See also Vitamin C.

One of the best protective gifts you can give your baby from birth is breast milk. It contains numerous immune-modulating substances that support the development of your newborn’s immune system, including antibodies known as immunoglobulins. For the first few days after the birth, mothers produce a thick, yellowish milk called colostrum which provides strong anti-viral protection. Breast milk also contains oligosaccharides. These are prebiotics that serve as food for the millions of good bacteria in your baby’s gut, enabling them to flourish and improve the condition of the digestive tract, creating a strong gut barrier against harmful bacteria and allergens.

A Carotenoid or a substance found in plants often said to be a precursor of Vitamin A as it is quickly converted into Vitamin A in the body. See also Vitamin A.

One of the B-complex vitamins, biotin releases energy from foods and assists in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates and fats. It is found in a wide variety of foods.

One of the essential food groups that your child needs for energy, growth and development. In the first few months of your baby’s life, all of his or her energy needs will be provided by lactose, a carbohydrate found in breast milk or infant formula. Slowly your baby will move onto solids, reducing dependence on breast milk or formula, and deriving complex carbohydrates from other starches and certain fruits. Simple carbohydrates like sugar and refined flour should be limited while carbohydrates from potatoes, rice, cereals, whole wheat bread, whole grain pasta and whole oats are healthier. Fruits like banana and papaya are also sources of carbohydrates. See also Lactose.

An essential mineral needed to maintain bones and teeth, calcium is also necessary for muscle and nerve activity and blood clotting. Mothers who breastfeed require more calcium to aid their baby’s development of healthy teeth and bones. Good sources of calcium include dairy products like milk and yoghurt, hard cheeses, dark green leafy vegetables, and tofu. Some foods, such as orange juice, cereals and crackers, are also fortified with calcium.

A mineral that maintains fluid and electrolyte balance, and aids in digestion. Significant food sources include salt, soy sauce, milk, eggs and meats.