Iodine deficiency affects brain development of a child
Focusing on the nutritional importance of iodine is necessary because iodine is the basic 'raw material' for the production of thyroid hormone, essential for body growth, development, and function. A developing child must receive and eventually produce sufficient thyroid hormone for normal brain development and function, thus requiring optimal amounts of iodine in the daily diet.
Iodine explained
Iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones [ triodothyronine -T3 and thyroxine -T4 ] . These thyroid hormones play a determining role in the process of early growth and development of most organs, especially that of the brain, which occurs during foetal and early postnatal life.
Inadequate intake of iodine leads to Iodine deficiency, which will result in:
1. Hypothyroidism - Insufficient production of the thyroid hormones during the critical period of foetal growth.
2. Altered mental development of the child resulting in brain damage.
- All the basic processes of neurogenesis (development of nerve tissues) are impaired during the period of brain growth spurt.
- Affects the myelination (insulating envelope that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber and facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses) of the central nervous system, which is most active during foetal growth.
3. Goiter - this refers to thyroid enlargement. When there is an iodine deficiency the thyroid adapts in order to produce the thyroid hormones.
Prevalence of Iodine deficiency
Iodine deficiency is not common in this region, as most Governments have taken precautions. One of the foremost programmes implemented by the Governments is the iodization of salt. Iodine deficiency leading to brain damage and mental retardation is highly preventable with proper nutrition.
Iodine requirements and food Sources
Iodized salt is the primary food source of iodine. Foods of marine origin have higher concentrations of iodine. Iodine is widely available in seafood: cod, sea bass, salmon, and haddock are good sources. Dairy products and plants grown in soil that is rich in iodine are also good sources. Seaweed is also an excellent source of Iodine. For some Sushi-licious snacks please click here.
