Strengthen your baby's immune system
Have you ever wondered why newborns and young babies are so susceptible
to a whole gamut of infections such as the common cold, ear infections and gastrointestinal
diseases? This is because their immune system is still immature and is often unable
to mount an effective immune response against disease-causing organisms such as
bacteria and viruses.
Fortunately, newborns are generally protected by the antibodies they receive through
the placenta before birth and from their mother's breast milk after birth. This
type of protection is known as passive immunity because it is "borrowed" from another
source. It gradually disappears during the first 6 to 8 months of life, while their
bodies step up the process of producing antibodies, until they reach adult concentrations
at 12 to 14 years of age.
Another protection conferred on newborns, especially those delivered naturally through
their mother's birth canal, is that by healthy bacteria that are transferred from
their mother's intestine and vagina to the babies' gut during the birth process.
This forms the foundation for a strong immune system in the babies' digestive tracts,
called Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue, or GALT, which comprises 70% of the body's
immune system. The development of the GALT is critical to newborns as an intestinal
defense against bacteria in the gut. This, together with the external barriers of
the body, like the skin and mucous membranes that line the nose, throat, and gastrointestinal
tract, form the body's innate (or natural) immunity. As its name implies, this is
the immunity we are born with and is our first line of defense in eliminating microbes
and preventing infection.
The third type of immunity is called the adaptive (or active) immunity. This type
of immunity develops throughout our lives as we grow and become exposed to diseases
or when we are immunized against diseases through vaccination. The two components
of the adaptive immunity are the T- and B-lymphocytes.
The Optimal Immune System
In order for your baby's immune mechanism to work optimally to respond
to all possible dangers, her immune system must have:
• Speed to attack and destroy all foreign invaders before they multiply and defeat
the immune system.
• Adequate Numbers of Immune Cells to overpower foreign invaders and fight off infections.
• Healthy and Well-developed Immune Cells to carry out their specific functions
effectively C find the invaders, identify and destroy them and prevent recurrence
of the same infection.
• A Healthy Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT). The GALT is made up of several
types of lymphoid tissue that produce and store immune cells that protect the body
from invading harmful bacteria, viruses and parasites. Healthy bacteria that attach
to the intestinal cell walls influence the number and distribution of these immune
cells.
Immunity Booster Nutrients
Studies have shown that certain nutrients are crucial for the normal functioning
of the immune cells and adequate intakes will optimize their response, either directly
or indirectly, while deficiencies might adversely compromise their functions. Examples
of such nutrients are protein, vitamin C, Vitamin A, Beta-carotene, Vitamin E, the
B-Complex, Selenium, Zinc, Alpha-Linolenic Acid and Oligosaccharides (prebiotics).
Breast milk provides babies with all the nutrients that they need to grow and develop
optimally in the first few months of life. For example, Human Milk Oligosaccharides
(prebiotics) promote the growth of beneficial bacteria e.g. bifidobacteria and lactobacilli,
that help to stimulate a balanced and effective gut immune system in babies.
Mechanism:
Prebiotics serve as food for beneficial bacteria that reside in babies'gut, promoting
their growth and consequently sustaining intestinal defenses against harmful bacteria
by:
• creating a strong gut barrier that stops harmful bacteria and allergens from entering
the bloodstream
• producing an acidic environment that prevents the growth of harmful bacteria
As your baby grows, she needs complementary foods that are good sources of immunity
booster nutrients, to continue to power her immune system, to keep her strong and
healthy. (Show some examples, including FU milk).
Remember, your baby's health is in your hands. Offer her a healthy diet that's packed
with immunity booster nutrients, to start her on her life's journey with a strong
immune system!
References:
Bruzzee, .E., Volpicelli, M., Squaglia, M., Tartaglione, A., Guarino,
A. (2006). Impact of prebiotics on human health. Dig Liver Dis Dec, 38, Suppl 2,
S283 ¨C 287.
Newburg, D.S. (2005). Innate immunity and human milk. J. Nutr , 135 (5): 1308 ¨C
1312.
Watzl, B., Girrbach, S., Roller, M. (2005). Inulin, oligofructose and immunomodulation.
Br J Nutr, 93, Suppl 1: S49 ¨C 55.